keywords
- human and primate evolution, growth and development, primate-microbe Interactions
- Contact Info
Leigh, Steven Robert
Positions
- Professor Emerita/Emeritus, Anthropology
Research
Publications
selected publications
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book
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chapter
- Life History 2010
- Demographic and Morphological Perspectives on Life History Evolution and Conservation of New World Monkeys. 117-138. 2008
- Growth and Development of Baboons 2007
- Life History. 396-407. 2007
- Ontogeny, Life History, and Maternal Investment in Baboons. 225-255. 2006
- Perspectives on Reproduction and Life History in Baboons. 1-15. 2006
- Growth and life history in ’Homo erectus’. 219-245. 2003
- Morphological differentiation of gorilla subspecies. Cambridge Studies in Biological and Evolutionary Anthropology. 104-131. 2003
- Ontogeny, life history, and maternal reproductive strategies in baboons.. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 138-138. 2003
- Phases and modes of primate juvenility. 149-176. 2002
- The Woodpecker Bluff Site. 165-168. 1994
- Multivariate craniometric variation in chimpanzees: implications for species identification in paleoanthropology. 265-296. 1993
- Comparative Analysis of the Elizabeth Middle Woodland Artifact Assemblage. 191-217. 1988
- Excavation Methodology. 18-28. 1988
- Late Woodland and Unassignable Components. 85-102. 1988
- Middle Woodland Component. 41-84. 1988
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conference proceeding
- Generalized Additive Mixed Modeling of Primate Growth Spurts. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 99-99. 2024
- Calibrating primate body mass growth spurts. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 103-104. 2023
- Strepsirrhine Ontogeny: Evidence for an Ancestral Male Body Mass Growth Spurt in Lemuriformes. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 176-176. 2023
- Lemur catta growth and development: Evidence for a male juvenile growth spurt in captive populations. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 180-181. 2022
- Patterns of postcranial sexual size dimorphism in non-captive thick-tailed bushbabies (Otolemur crassicaudatus) from northern South Africa. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 107-107. 2022
- Scaling of sexual size dimorphism in thick-tailed galagos (Otolemur crassicaudatus). American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 62-62. 2021
- A relatively conserved oral microbiome in non-human primates. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 11-12. 2020
- Allometric correlates of infant mass growth rate variation. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 158-158. 2020
- High variability and decoupling from phylogenetic effects characterize the human microbiome. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 140-141. 2019
- High variability and decoupling from phylogenetic effects characterize the human microbiome. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 140-141. 2019
- Testing factors influencing the lemur gut microbiome: host genetics or diet?. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 8-9. 2019
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Program of the 88th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology.
1-283.
2019
- Comparing non-human primate microbiomes from multiple body habitats. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 13-13. 2018
- Comparison of the Oral, Rectal, Vaginal, and Penile Microbiome in Semi-free Ranging Eastern Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii). American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 104-104. 2017
- The Microbiome and Primate Conservation: New Tools and Applications. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 306-306. 2016
- The impact of kinship and social contact on the gut microbiota of wild, black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra). American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 79-79. 2016
- Determinants of the gut microbiota of Mesoamerican howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra and A. palliata). American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 69-69. 2015
- Diet-microbe co-metabolic interactions in wild primates reveal clues on human evolution. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 149-149. 2015
- Comparative perspectives on primate microbiomes. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 167-168. 2014
- Next steps and best practices in primatology, human biology, forensic anthropology, and paleoanthropology for the Bones and Behavior Project. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 92-93. 2014
- The vervet microbiome: determinants of microbial community composition and insights into health and disease. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 279-279. 2014
- Biological co-adaptation of morphological and composition traits in weight-bearing and non-weight bearing bones of baboons. 2012
- Metagenomic comparisons of gastrointestinal microbial function in hominoids. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 308-308. 2012
- THE INFLUENCE OF HABITAT ON MEXICAN BLACK HOWLER (ALOUATTA PIGRA) GUT MICROBIAL COMMUNITY COMPOSITION. American Journal of Primatology. 49-49. 2011
- Allometry of sexual dimorphism in sub-cortical structures of the human brain.. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 178-178. 2011
- Brain size and endurance running in human evolution.. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 241-241. 2011
- Gastrointestinal microbial community composition and habitat structure in howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra). American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 75-75. 2011
- Vaginal microbial community structure and maternal ecology in primates. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 315-316. 2011
- Comparative analysis of the vaginal microbiome in health and disease. Genome Biology. 3-4. 2011
- Intestinal microbial community composition in monkeys.. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 249-249. 2010
- Sexual dimorphism of sub-cortical structures in the adult human brain using MRI.. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 134-134. 2010
- Dental eruption, age estimation, and life histories in papionin primates. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 174-174. 2009
- Integrative measurement protocol for morphological and behavioral research in human and nonhuman primates.. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 78-79. 2009
- Integrative measurement protocol for morphological and behavioral research in human biology. American Journal of Human Biology. 269-270. 2009
- Evolution and development of the hominin brain. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 139-139. 2008
- Allometry and physiology: hormones, mass, and length. 158-158. 2008
- Fitness and canine size in male mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx). American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 120-120. 2006
- A new portable scanning system for the acquisition of data from three dimensional objects.. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 74-75. 2005
- Ontogenetic allometry in the Papionin face.. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 137-137. 2005
- Evolution of primate life histories. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 134-134. 2004
- Papio brain and sulcal growth: A comparison with Macaca. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 164-164. 2004
- Integration among hormonal parameters of growth in baboons: Implications for patterns of maturation and reproduction.. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 65-65. 2003
- Ontogeny, life history, and maternal reproductive strategies in baboons. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 138-138. 2003
- IGF-I bioavailability and patterns of body size variation in Papio and Cercocebus. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 44-44. 2002
- New dental age standards for baboons (Papio hamadryas anubis) and mangabeys (Cercocebus atys). American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 107-107. 2000
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journal article
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Advancing Scientific Collection-Based Research With the Global Registry of Scientific Collections (GRSciColl)..
American Journal of Physical Anthropology.
e70184.
2025
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Size, Scaling, and Sexual Size Dimorphism in Wild South African Thick-Tailed Greater Galagos (Otolemur crassicaudatus).
International Journal of Primatology.
1472-1503.
2024
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Large Comparative Analyses of Primate Body Site Microbiomes Indicate that the Oral Microbiome Is Unique among All Body Sites and Conserved among Nonhuman Primates.
Microbiology Spectrum.
2022
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Plasticity in the Human Gut Microbiome Defies Evolutionary Constraints (vol 4, e00271-19, 2019).
mSphere.
2021
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Traditional Human Populations and Nonhuman Primates Show Parallel Gut Microbiome Adaptations to Analogous Ecological Conditions.
mSystems.
2020
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Comment on data sharing in biological anthropology.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology.
339-339.
2020
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Program of the 89th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology.
1-321.
2020
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Convergence of human and Old World monkey gut microbiomes demonstrates the importance of human ecology over phylogeny.
Genome Biology.
2019
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Global phylogeography and ancient evolution of the widespread human gut virus crAssphage.
Nature Microbiology.
1727-1736.
2019
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Variations in the microbiome due to storage preservatives are not large enough to obscure variations due to factors such as host population, host species, body site, and captivity.
American Journal of Primatology.
2019
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Plasticity in the Human Gut Microbiome Defies Evolutionary Constraints.
mSphere.
2019
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Gut microbiome composition of wild western lowland gorillas is associated with individual age and sex factors.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology.
575-585.
2019
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Mapping gastrointestinal gene expression patterns in wild primates and humans via fecal RNA-seq.
BMC Genomics.
2019
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Evolutionary trends in host physiology outweigh dietary niche in structuring primate gut microbiomes.
The ISME Journal.
576-587.
2019
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Relationships Between Gastrointestinal Parasite Infections and the Fecal Microbiome in Free-Ranging Western Lowland Gorillas.
Frontiers in Microbiology.
2018
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The gut microbiome of nonhuman primates: Lessons in ecology and evolution.
American Journal of Primatology.
2018
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Social behaviour and gut microbiota in red-bellied lemurs (Eulemur rubriventer): In search of the role of immunity in the evolution of sociality.
Journal of Animal Ecology.
388-399.
2018
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Impact of stress on the gut microbiome of free-ranging western lowland gorillas.
Microbiology (United Kingdom).
40-44.
2018
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Patterns in Gut Microbiota Similarity Associated with Degree of Sociality among Sex Classes of a Neotropical Primate.
Microbial Ecology.
250-258.
2017
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Effect of Antibiotic Treatment on the Gastrointestinal Microbiome of Free-Ranging Western Lowland Gorillas (Gorilla g. gorilla).
Microbial Ecology.
943-954.
2016
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Sex differences in the behavior of wild Alouatta caraya infants.
Primates.
521-532.
2016
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Host age, social group, and habitat type influence the gut microbiota of wild ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta).
American Journal of Primatology.
883-892.
2016
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Microbiomes, metagenomics, and primate conservation: New strategies, tools, and applications.
Biological Conservation.
56-66.
2016
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Gut Microbiome of Coexisting BaAka Pygmies and Bantu Reflects Gradients of Traditional Subsistence Patterns.
Cell reports.
2142-2153.
2016
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Phylogenetic and ecological factors impact the gut microbiota of two Neotropical primate species.
Oecologia.
717-733.
2016
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Temporal variation selects for diet-microbe co-metabolic traits in the gut of Gorilla spp.
The ISME Journal.
514-526.
2016
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Temporal variation selects for diet-microbe co-metabolic traits in the gut of Gorilla spp (vol 10, pg 514, 2016).
The ISME Journal.
532-532.
2016
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Variable responses of human and non-human primate gut microbiomes to a Western diet.
Microbiome.
2015
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Gut microbiome composition and metabolomic profiles of wild western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) reflect host ecology.
Molecular Ecology.
2551-2565.
2015
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The Gut Microbiota Appears to Compensate for Seasonal Diet Variation in the Wild Black Howler Monkey (Alouatta pigra).
Microbial Ecology.
434-443.
2015
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Primate vaginal microbiomes exhibit species specificity without universal Lactobacillus dominance.
The ISME Journal.
2431-2444.
2014
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The Role of Gut Microbes in Satisfying the Nutritional Demands of Adult and Juvenile Wild, Black Howler Monkeys (Alouatta pigra).
American Journal of Physical Anthropology.
652-664.
2014
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Fecal Microbiomes of Non-Human Primates in Western Uganda Reveal Species-Specific Communities Largely Resistant to Habitat Perturbation.
American Journal of Primatology.
347-354.
2014
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The Impact of Financial Barriers on Access to Care, Quality of Care and Vascular Morbidity Among Patients with Diabetes and Coronary Heart Disease.
Journal of General Internal Medicine.
76-81.
2014
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The Primate Vaginal Microbiome: Comparative Context and Implications for Human Health and Disease.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology.
119-134.
2013
- DISTAL MICROBIOME COMPOSITION OF HABITUATED WESTERN LOWLAND GORILLAS (GORILLA GORILLA GORILLA) AT DZANGA SANGHA, CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC. American Journal of Primatology. 72-72. 2013
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Habitat degradation impacts black howler monkey (Alouatta pigra) gastrointestinal microbiomes.
The ISME Journal.
1344-1353.
2013
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A Multi-Omic Systems-Based Approach Reveals Metabolic Markers of Bacterial Vaginosis and Insight into the Disease.
PLoS ONE.
2013
- Age and sex differences in the behavior, diet, and gut microbial communities of wild black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra).. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 67-68. 2013
- Characterization of the gastrointestinal bacterial communities of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla).. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 132-133. 2013
- Microbial adaptations facilitate non-ruminant Theropithecus gelada grazing behavior in northern Ethiopia.. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 88-89. 2013
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Brain Size Growth and Life History in Human Evolution.
Evolutionary Biology.
587-599.
2012
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Towards an Evolutionary Model of Animal-Associated Microbiomes.
Entropy.
570-594.
2011
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[Introduction]..
Revista Clinica Espanola.
1-2.
2011
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Differences Between the Normal Vaginal Bacterial Community of Baboons and That of Humans.
American Journal of Primatology.
119-126.
2011
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Characterization of the Fecal Microbiome from Non-Human Wild Primates Reveals Species Specific Microbial Communities.
PLoS ONE.
2010
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Comparative Genomics of Gardnerella vaginalis Strains Reveals Substantial Differences in Metabolic and Virulence Potential.
PLoS ONE.
2010
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Baboon Vaginal Microbiota: An Overlooked Aspect of Primate Physiology.
American Journal of Primatology.
467-474.
2010
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Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Vaginal Microbiota of Primates Not Normally Exposed to Antibiotics.
Microbial Drug Resistance.
309-315.
2009
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Microbial community analysis of rectal methanogens and sulfate reducing bacteria in two non-human primate species.
Journal of Medical Primatology.
360-370.
2009
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Editorial.
Journal of Human Evolution.
1-1.
2009
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Heterogeneity of Vaginal Microbial Communities within Individuals.
Journal of Clinical Microbiology.
1181-1189.
2009
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Untitled.
Journal of Human Evolution.
531-531.
2008
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Canine tooth size and fitness in male mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx).
Journal of Human Evolution.
75-85.
2008
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Hormonal correlates of ontogeny in baboons (Papio hamadryas anubis) and mangabeys (Cercocebus atys).
American Journal of Physical Anthropology.
156-168.
2008
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The evolution of human life history..
American Journal of Human Biology.
897-898.
2007
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Homoplasy and the evolution of ontogeny in papionin primates.
Journal of Human Evolution.
536-558.
2007
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Hormones and body size evolution in papionin primates.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology.
247-260.
2007
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Inferring Plio-Pleistocene southern African biochronology from facial affinities in Parapapio and other fossil papionins.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology.
163-174.
2007
- High inter-individual microbial diversity among baboon vaginal ecosystems. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 200-200. 2007
- Patterns of variation in the ontogeny of supraorbital form in species of Homo and Pan.. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 76-76. 2007
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Cranial ontogeny of Papio baboons (Papio hamadryas).
American Journal of Physical Anthropology.
71-84.
2006
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Brain ontogeny and life history in Homo erectus.
Journal of Human Evolution.
104-108.
2006
- Hormones and body size evolution in papionin primates.. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 64-64. 2006
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Ontogenetic bases of canine dimorphism in anthropoid primates.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology.
296-311.
2005
- Craniofacial growth and development in Parapapio and other PlioPleistocene southern African cercopithecines.. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 223-223. 2005
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Brain growth, life history, and cognition in primate and human evolution.
American Journal of Primatology.
139-164.
2004
- Evolution of primate life histories. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 134-134. 2004
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Ontogeny and phylogeny in papionin primates.
Journal of Human Evolution.
285-316.
2003
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Determining sheep birth seasonality by analysis of tooth enamel oxygen isotope ratios: The late stone age site of Kasteelberg (South Africa).
Journal of Archaeological Science.
205-215.
2003
- Determining birth seasonality of prehistoric sheep by analysis of tooth enamel oxygen isotope ratios. Journal of Archaeological Science. 205-215. 2003
- Life history and folivory in primate species: The importance of juveniles.. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 132-133. 2003
- Rock art revisited. Science. 468-468. 2002
- Rock Art Revisited. Letter to the Editor. Science. 467-467. 2002
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Patterns of positional behavior in mixed-species troops of Callimico goeldii, Saguinus labiatus, and Saguinus fuscicollis in northwestern Brazil.
American Journal of Primatology.
17-31.
2001
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Evolution of human growth.
New Directions for Evaluation.
223-236.
2001
- Ontogeny, phylogeny, and heterochrony in human evolution.. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 97-97. 2001
- Scaling and size reduction in tamarins.. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 68-68. 2001
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On the questionable practice of invoking the metaphysic.
American Anthropologist.
851-853.
2000
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Questioning practice in paleoanthropology - Reply to G. A. Clark.
American Anthropologist.
853-855.
2000
- Comparative primate socioecology.. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 141-143. 2000
- Dynamics of canine development in baboons and mangabeys.. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 209-209. 2000
- New dental age standards for baboons (Papio hamadryas anubis) and mangabeys (Cercocebus atys). American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 107-107. 2000
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Conceptual issues in modern human origins research..
American Anthropologist.
861-863.
1999
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Estimating sexual dimorphism and size differences in the fossil record: A test of methods.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology.
95-104.
1999
- Craniometric discrete trait variation in Gorilla gorilla. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 218-218. 1999
- Patterns of craniometric sexual dimorphism in papionin primates.. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 100-100. 1999
- Size, scaling, and heterochrony in the genus Papio.. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 180-181. 1999
- Evolution of human growth prolongation. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 331-350. 1998
- Chimp research. Science. 47-47. 1998
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Comparative perspectives on bimaturism, ontogeny, and dimorphism in lemurid primates.
International Journal of Primatology.
723-749.
1998
- Ache life history: The ecology and demography of a foraging people. Journal of Human Evolution. 438-441. 1998
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Sexual dimorphism in primate neonatal body mass.
Journal of Human Evolution.
173-201.
1998
- Chimp Research. Letter to the Editor. Science. 47b-47b. 1998
- Sex dimorphism in primate neonatal body mass. Journal of Human Evolution. 173-201. 1998
- Patterns of growth of the mandibular corpus in spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) and cougars (Puma concolor). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 139-161. 1997
- Introduction 1997
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Ontogenetic variation in small-bodied New World primates: Implications for patterns of reproduction and infant care.
Folia Primatologica.
1-22.
1997
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Evolution of human growth spurts.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology.
455-474.
1996
- Current Anthropology Comment on "Biology and body size in human evolution: statistical inference misapplied" by Smith, Richard J.. Current Anthropology. 451-482. 1996
- Ontogeny and the evolution of body size dimorphism in primates. Anthropologie (France). 17-28. 1996
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Ontogeny of body size variation in African apes.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology.
43-65.
1996
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ASYMMETRIC VAULT MODIFICATION IN HOPI-CRANIA.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology.
173-195.
1995
- DESIGN - A SUPPLEMENTARY MODULE FOR SYSTAT AND SYGRAPH. Quarterly Review of Biology. 383-384. 1995
- LOGIT - A SUPPLEMENTARY MODULE FOR SYSTAT. Quarterly Review of Biology. 383-384. 1995
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SURVIVAL - A SUPPLEMENTARY MODULE FOR SYSTAT.
Quarterly Review of Biology.
382-384.
1995
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SYSTAT FOR WINDOWS - VERSION-5.03.
Quarterly Review of Biology.
382-384.
1995
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SYSTAT FOR WINDOWS - VERSION-5.03.
Quarterly Review of Biology.
382-384.
1995
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SOCIOECOLOGY AND THE ONTOGENY OF SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM IN ANTHROPOID PRIMATES.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology.
339-356.
1995
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ONTOGENY AND THE EVOLUTION OF ADULT BODY-SIZE DIMORPHISM IN APES.
American Journal of Primatology.
37-60.
1995
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A REEVALUATION OF SUBSPECIFIC VARIATION AND CANINE DIMORPHISM IN WOOLLY SPIDER MONKEYS (BRACHYTELES ARACHNOIDES) - BRIEF COMMUNICATION.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology.
435-442.
1994
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ONTOGENIC CORRELATES OF DIET IN ANTHROPOID PRIMATES.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology.
499-522.
1994
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RELATIONS BETWEEN CAPTIVE AND NONCAPTIVE WEIGHTS IN ANTHROPOID PRIMATES.
Zoo Biology.
21-43.
1994
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EFFECTS OF ANNULAR CRANIAL VAULT MODIFICATION ON THE CRANIAL BASE AND FACE.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology.
147-168.
1993
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EFFECTS OF FRONTO-OCCIPITAL ARTIFICIAL CRANIAL VAULT MODIFICATION ON THE CRANIAL BASE AND FACE.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology.
323-345.
1992
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PATTERNS OF VARIATION IN THE ONTOGENY OF PRIMATE BODY SIZE DIMORPHISM.
Journal of Human Evolution.
27-50.
1992
- Body weight in captive lowland gorillas. 1-3. 1992
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CRANIAL CAPACITY EVOLUTION IN HOMO-ERECTUS AND EARLY HOMO-SAPIENS.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology.
1-13.
1992
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SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN THE BABOON FACIAL SKELETON.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology.
193-208.
1991
- A FINITE-ELEMENT SCALING STUDY OF GROWTH, ALLOMETRY, AND SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN THE BABOON SKULL (PAPIO SP). American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 259-260. 1989
- COMPARISONS OF RATES OF EVOLUTIONARY CHANGE IN CRANIAL CAPACITY IN HOMO-ERECTUS AND EARLY HOMO-SAPIENS. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 237-238. 1988
- ONTOGENETIC AND STATIC ALLOMETRY OF THE NEANDERTHAL AND MODERN HOMINID PALATE. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 195-195. 1985
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Advancing Scientific Collection-Based Research With the Global Registry of Scientific Collections (GRSciColl)..
American Journal of Physical Anthropology.
e70184.
2025
Background
education and training
- Ph.D., Northwestern University 1992
- M.A., University of Tennessee-Knoxville 1985
- B.A., Northwestern University 1980
awards and honors
International Activities
geographic focus
- Africa Continent
- Americas Transnational Region
- Canada Country
- Czech Republic Country
- Denmark Country
- Europe Continent
- Fiji Country
- Finland Country
- France Country
- Germany Country
- Melanesia Transnational Region
- South Africa Country
- Sweden Country
- Uganda Country
- United Kingdom Country